ࡱ> DFABCq` bjbjqPqP 8^:: nnn{{{8{|v~v~"~~~ 4666666$hZnsG ssZ p. P~~os ~ H~n~4s4l0n~j~ 3"c{L$0S*Hng9(aTgggZZ}pgggssssbfsDfs ~ ~ ~  Woman to Woman in Islam INTRODUCTION (OH-1) For Adventist women to relate to Muslims, an understanding of who they are and what they believe is essential. This can help us know how to approach Muslim women and how to bridge the gap between Christianity and Islam. The purpose of this seminar is to: Explore ways to become friends with the descendents of Abraham. Understand Muslim beliefs and explore beliefs that we have in common. Recognize that because God is the Father of all humankind, and we are children of Abraham, we are brothers and sisters of Muslims. Explore ways to interact with Muslims and share with them gems of truth we have found and love. Wherever we are in the world, we want to do all that is possible to share Jesus love and His plan of salvation with everyone around us. Paul gives us some good advice on how to go about this in 1 Corinthians. Lets read his counsel together: (OH-2) Though I am free and belong to no man, I make myself a slave to everyone, to win as many as possible. To the Jews I became like a Jew, to win the Jews. To those under the law I became like one under the law (though I myself am not under the law), so as to win those under the law. To the weak I became weak, to win the weak. I have become all things to all men so that by all possible means I might save some. I do all this for the sake of the gospel that I may share in its blessings. I Corinthians 9:19, 20, 22, 23 (NIV). As we share together ways of reaching out to our Muslim friends, let us keep this verse in mind and ask ourselves how we can follow Pauls advice. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (OH-3) First, lets look at some terms commonly used when talking with Muslims and about the Quran. You will find a larger list of terms and definitions in the appendix of your handout, but lets take a look at just a few now: AllahArabic name for the God who created the world, the God of Abraham. Comes from the same word as the Hebrew name for God Elloh(im) HajPilgrimage to Mecca HanifOne who is especially faithful in belief in the one true God of Abraham and is considered a part of Gods special people. Was originally used to refer to men around the time of Mohammad who were calling people back to the worship of one God. IblisDevil Imamthe religious leader of a mosque who leads in the congregational prayer InjilBiblical gospels, books of Isa. In a broader sense, the New Testament. Isa (El Masih)Jesus (OH-4) JihadA spiritual struggle, a struggle to better ones life KalimatWord, Isa is referred to as the Kalimat Allah MuslimOne submits to Allah QuranMuslim holy book given or revealed word by word from God, literally means recite RamadanMonth of fasting ShaitanSatan ShariahThe laws, revealed and canonical, of Islam SurahChapter (of the Quran) ATTITUDES (OH-5) Muslims toward ChristiansMany Muslims view Christians as immodest, loose, and oppressors of the true worshippers of Allah. How can this be? Lets try to understand through the eyes of Muslims for a few minutes. In many places in the Arab world, when you go into a grocery store you can immediately tell whether it is run by Muslims or Christians. Muslims storeowners would not sell alcohol while the Christian storeowners would. An Arab woman dressed in typical European clothing and styles may be recognized as a Christian, while a Muslim woman may wear more modest clothing. In the minds of Muslims, it is the Christian countries and therefore Christians that produce movies that portray immorality and inappropriate and cheap sex. Since many Jewish people would share some of these points, we can understand how Muslims could lump Christians and Jews together. They may come to believe that less religious and less serious people are oppressing the true worshippers of Allah, who are serious about knowing and following God. Muslims also see Christians as worshiping more than one God. They see three; the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We can begin to see how Muslims could come to view Christianity as an inferior religion to Islam. Christians toward MuslimsChristians see Muslims as a mysterious people group who keep to themselves and look down on any non-Muslim. To Christians, Muslims are restrictive, not allowing freedom to move about and be a part of the rest of the world. By outward appearances the women seem to be passive and submissive, doing whatever their husbands, brothers, or fathers tell them. The women in many areas are not allowed to go to school and they often must marry at a young age. Muslims are seen as keeping to themselves, surrounded by an invisible wall of protection. It should be noted that the status and role of women in Muslim societies have come about because of many social and cultural traditions, most of which have nothing to do with religion. While some read the Quran claiming that it justifies the inequality of women and the patriarchal family structure, with careful study, we see that it actually advocates the equality of women and an anti-patriarchal family structure. Christians want to free and liberate these seemingly repressed women, trying to do so with a holier than thou attitude. We can see how this would make a Muslim feel when they may already believe Islam is a far superior religion to Christianity. WHO ARE MUSLIMS? (OH-6) Lets take a closer look and see if we can understand a bit better just who Muslims are. It is estimated that about 18% of the worlds population today are Muslims who daily pray towards the Islamic holy place of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Why is it that we know so little about these people? For centuries, Christians and Muslims have lived separate lives in separate parts of the world. Each group kept to itself with hardly any interaction between the two. Separation was pretty simple to maintain as great oceans, expansive deserts, and primitive modes of transportation served as effective barriers. During the last 50 years the two groups have become more integrated as people from the Muslim world traveled to the West to study, work, and immigrate. What once was the mission field now has become the neighborhood. Better modes of travel, tourism, international business, and the request for specialists and other workers in the Islamic countries have brought the two worlds closer and closer together. Islam was born in the seventh century A.D. The ninth to thirteenth centuries were known as the Golden Age of Islam when Arab scholars excelled in keeping knowledge alive in their territories. By 1920, because of loss of military might and political disintegration of Islamic societies, Muslims were under Western influence or rule. But, by the 1970s all Arab countries had become independent. The discovery of oil under the desert sands near Mecca reaffirmed their belief in the blessings of God to them, giving them the monetary means to share their beliefs with the world. Mohammed, considered the founder of Islam, lived between 570 and 632 A.D. Mohammed lost his mother when he was six years old. While still very young, he worked with the traders along the caravan routes and through perseverance, he eventually became the caravan master for a wealthy businesswoman whom he eventually married. She was fifteen years older than he. Through his wife he become well known in the business community of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. In the middle of Mecca was the Kabah, a shrine containing 365 idols. The various Bedouin tribes who came from all over the Arabian Peninsula worshiped these idols. Pilgrims visiting Mecca were the main source of business for the local business community. Mohammed became depressed from seeing all the corruption and greed taking place in the business community and spent much of his time in seclusion, meditating. Muslims believe that while Mohamed was meditating in a cave in 610 A.D., the angel Gabriel appeared to him. He continued receiving words from Allah over the next 22 years. His companions wrote down Mohammeds dictation of his revelations. About 30 years later, all these writings were compiled into what is known today as the Quran (Koran). (OH-7) The religious leaders of Mecca rejected Mohammeds revelations and after being persecuted, he fled to Medina in 622 A.D., some 250 miles (400 kilometers) to the north. This escape was called the Hijra and marked the beginning of Islamic history. In Medina, Mohammed soon had quite a large following and became not only the spiritual leader, but a political and military leader as well. The Medina Muslims returned to Mecca, overthrew the Meccans, and cleansed the Kabah from its idolatry, making it the center of Islamic worship. The black stone in the Kabah, probably a meteorite, was pronounced a gift sent from heaven. Islam, the religion Mohammed founded, means to submit to God. Islam brought the divided Arab tribes into a united people. The religion of Islam was actively shared with neighboring tribes and nations. Within a century Islam had spread to parts of Asia, India, and all of North Africa. It had also found roots in Sicily and Spain in Europe. Later, Islams influence spread as far as the lands of the Pacific Ocean. It should be noted that there are many different types of Muslims just as there are many different types of Christians. Islam can be divided into two main branches, namely, the Sunnis, constituting about 90% of all Muslims, and the Shiites. The difference between these main groups is mostly who they believe should be the leader of the Islamic world community. The Sunnis maintain that the leader should be chosen by the community from the Arabic tribe of Mohammed, while the Shiites insist that the leader must be an Imam who is a direct successor of Ali, Mohammeds son-in-law. In general, Shiites are considered more fundamental in their understandings, while the Sunnis may be considered more liberal and accepting of outside ideas. CHILDREN OF THE EAST (OH-8) Gods plan from the very beginning of history was to preserve truth in every people group. That is clear in the scriptures where we see the eastern peoples(the forerunners of the Arabic peoples(had played a part in the covenant plan of God. It was Ishmaelites that rescued Joseph from death by his brothers and took him to Egypt; Jethro, an Arab (Midianite), who taught Moses a more complete knowledge of the one true God; Ruth, an Arab (Moabitess) becomes a progenitor of the Messiah; the wise men of the East, Arabs, who brought the spices to anoint the sacrifice in honor of the new born Messiah. BELIEFS OF ISLAMFIVE PILLARS (OH-9) The Islamic faith is based on Five Pillars, or foundations, which are the main points of belief. 1. Testimony of Faith (Shahada)The first pillar is the testimony of faith or Shahada in Arabic. The Shadada says: I bear witness there is no god but Allah, I bear witness Mohammed is the apostle (messenger) of Allah. All people regardless of race or language must recite this phrase in Arabic, the original language of the Quran. 2. Daily Prayers (Salat)The second pillar is praying five times a day at specific hours with prayers at noon on Fridays being the most important of the prayers. The five prayer times are: Just before sunrise Between midday and early afternoon Late afternoon Just after sunset At night A common image westerners often have of Muslims is believers kneeling and bowing on their prayer mats facing Mecca. What we usually do not see is that Muslims always wash before praying (ablutions), out of respect for Allah. If water is not available, they may perform a dry ablution. Muslims try to go to the mosque each day to pray, but especially on Fridays. At other times they pray wherever they happen to be at the time of prayer. In Islamic countries the calls to prayer can be heard coming from the minarets of the mosques. In non-Islamic countries, believers try to set fixed times to pray at their work or after work. (OH-10) 3. Fasting (Sawm)The third pillar is fasting during Ramadan. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. During Ramadan, Muslims must fast for the 29 or 30 days of this holy month. Fasting tests their discipline and endurance, and they learn what it is like to be hungry. Between sunrise and sunset each day, the faithful are not to eat, drink, smoke, or have sexual intercourseand avoid all evil thoughts and actions. 4. Alms Giving (Zakat)The fourth pillar is alms giving. How much alms one gives varies according to ones income and kind of property. Generally, one pays two and one-half percent of the value of any savings, jewelry, etc. In Muslim countries this money is usually collected like a tax and used for social welfare purposes. In non-Muslim countries this money is usually channeled through the local mosque or given directly to charity. The giving of alms is seen as an act of worship. 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj)The last pillar is making a pilgrimage to Mecca. Mecca is the most sacred place for Muslims. This is where Mohammed reestablished the authority of God when he recaptured the Kabah, threw out the worshippers of idols and reinstated worship to Allah. Everyone who can afford to make the trip to Mecca and is physically able, is required to do so at least once during their lifetime and visit the Kabah at the time of Hajj. Those who are not Muslims are not allowed within 10 miles (16 kms) of Mecca. The Hajj takes place in the twelfth month of the Muslim calendar. Muslims from all around the world visit Mecca during this special time. Going on a Hajj is the dream of every Muslim and is a very serious spiritual experience for the pilgrims. Beliefs of Islam Five (or Six) Articles of Faith (OH-11) Islam also teaches the Five Articles of Faith (some say there are six), in addition to the Five Pillars of Faith. The Five (or six) Articles of Faith include: The Doctrines of AllahAllah cannot be compared to anything we know in this world. He is not manifest in physical form. The Creator and Sustainer of all, He is omnipresent (present everywhere) and omniscient (all-knowing). His power is unlimited, as is His mercy and compassion. He hears and sees all, however, humans cannot see Him. He knows mankind and is closer to humans than their jugular vein (Quran 50:16). Allahs attributes are summarized in His 99 names, which Muslims contemplate when their fingers touch the thirty-three pearls in the prayer beads three times. AngelsAngels are created by light, with ability to speak and reason. They administer Allahs universe, and cannot disobey or sin. Each angel has a specific position and appointed task. There are four archangels: of these the duties of two are known. Gabriel reveals Allahs will to the prophets; Israfil proclaims the resurrection. Other prominent named angels are Radwan, who is in charge of paradise, and Malik who is in charge of hell. All people have two guardian angels, one on their right hand to register their good deeds, the other at the left to register the bad deeds. In folk Islam it is believed that angels will mediate for men and women in the Day of Judgment, but the Quran openly states that no mediators will be available except one who Allah appoints. There is also a belief in jinns, inhabitants of the world of spirits, created from smokeless fire. Satan is a jinn. Some jinns are friendly and helpful, while others are hostile and harmful. Jinns have free will. The genies heard about in stories in western cultures come from these jinns. Revealed BookIn addition to the Quran, Muslims also accept previously revealed scriptures; the Torah of Moses, the Psalms of David, and the Gospels with Jesus. However, according to Islamic teaching, these Scriptures as they appear in the Bible are not in their original form. They can therefore only be used when they do not contradict the Quran, which is the final revelation and authority, given from Allah through Mohammed, the last prophet. The Quran is the foundation for Islam, the universal religion. Prophets, MessengersProphets in the Quran are also called apostles, messengers, and servants. They must be irreproachable in character and deeds, and are sinless from the moment they are called. There are two kinds of prophets: Rasul, who bring new revelations with divine books, and Nabi, who work within the framework of existing religion. The Quran mentions 28 prophets by name, of whom 18 are from the Old Testament and three (Jesus, John the Baptist and Zachariah) from the New Testament. Mohammed is the final one of the prophets. The Last ThingsThe Quran talks about a day of judgment in several places. It will be a time when all will have to give an account of their deeds. The Quran has revealed some signs of the last days. These signs are observed in the heavenly bodies, on earth, and among men. After judgment there will be a paradise for the elect and hell for the disobedient. (As believed by some) PredestinationAllah is creator of both good and evil, from eternity. All that happens to men and women is because Allah wills it. The direct result of such a doctrine is that men and women have no choice in their actions. Illness, death, or good fortune are alike from Allah. Such fatalistic beliefs make room for superstitious practices where people seek protection using the Quran as a charm or talisman, or pray at the graves of saints in this life, and ask for the intercession of Mohammed on the Day of Judgment. OTHER TRADITIONS (OH-12) There are a few additional traditions in Islam that should be mentioned. 1. PolygamyIn Mohammeds time, husbands had large numbers of wives. He suggested limiting the number of wives to four, which was quite a change from the way it was, and only having more than one if each wife would be treated equally and fairly by the husband. The Quran mentions that it is impossible to treat two wives equally and suggests that the ideal is still to have only one wife. 2. Alcohol and PorkEating pork or drinking alcohol is not allowed. In many of the countries where Islam is the dominant religion, there are no bars, and no alcoholic drinks are served in hotels or even allowed anywhere in the country. It is interesting to go to a restaurant, see the drinks menu and realize that all the specialty drinks listed on the menu are without alcohol. Pork or products containing any pork are not sold in stores or used in any restaurants. 3. Folk IslamIn Islam there is no priesthood, no sacrifice, and in general, no saints or relics to pray to for protection or to cure an illness. However, on a popular level many Muslims are influenced by many of the religions in surrounding countries (Hinduism and traditional religions), practice a kind of Folk Islam that involves magic, witchcraft, and veneration of saints. 4. ProphetsIslam also teaches that Allah has appointed a number of prophets through the centuries to reveal Allahs will to man. These prophets include Adam, Noah, Job, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Mohammed, however, is the last of them all. His revelations sum up and supersede all previous prophetic revelations. WHAT MUSLIMS BELIEVE What Muslims Believe About Allah, the Supreme Being (OH-13) Both Christians and Muslims worship the same God (Allah). This is a point that should be considered common ground. However, the way both groups understand the concept of God may differ. Christians believe God can be known and that Jesus came to make God known (John 1:18). Muslims, on the other hand, believe that God is an all-powerful being. All people must submit to Allah. Allah is seen as so different from man that it is impossible to even think we know anything about Him. Even characteristics applied to Allah are not the same as when applied to humans. Allah is self-sufficient and is not affected by the actions of his creatures. His will is supreme and not limited by laws or principles. Because of this belief, fatalism is a way of life for some Muslims. This view is frequently expressed in the word inshaallah (it is Gods will). The Quranic view of God is similar to some views of the Bibles Old Testament God. Muslims believe that this supremacy of God is seen in political achievements and military superiority, since the prophet Mohammad was both a political and a religious leader. On the other hand, Christianity teaches that God, who is Almighty, sometimes reveals His power in humility, weakness, and suffering. The cross is the supreme revelation of Gods love, shown through Jesus as he lived life on earth. What Muslims Believe About Jesus Christ Muslims believe that Jesus was born of Mary who was a virgin. But this does not make him the Son of God. To Muslims, Son of God implies that Allah had some sort of relationship with Mary, and as a result this half God-half man came to life. To call a being from this kind of beginning the Savior is seen as repulsive, as it would also be to Christians if they had this understanding of how Jesus came to this earth. He is, however, seen among Muslims as one of the greatest prophets, one among some 124,000, but He is not part of the Godhead or Trinity. To believe Jesus is God is seen by Muslims as a denial of the Shahada and is blasphemy against Allah. Yet Muslims believe he performed miracles, including cleansing the lepers, giving sight to the blind, and raising the dead. The Quran also adds that Jesus made clay birds come alive. He is called the Messiah, the Word of God, the Spirit of God, and a Messenger. For Muslims, salvation is a result of the absoluteness of Allah and obedience to His laws. There is, therefore, no need for atoning sacrifice. What Muslims Believe About the Quran The Christian holy book is the Bible. For Muslims, the holy book is the Quran. The Quran is considered the perfect revelation from God. It is believed the Quran is an exact reproduction of the original engraved tablets in heaven in Arabic, the language regarded as the tongue of angels. The text of the Quran is seen as holy and perfect due to the miraculous way Allahs will was communicated and externalized to Mohammed. Only the Arabic Quran is regarded as authoritative. All translations are seen as explanations of the Quran. It is believed that neither Mohammed nor any other human has had any part in the authorship of the Quran. It is seen as the sole source of all guidance, truth, and science. Because it is believed to be a book direct from the throne of Allah, it is impossible and even dangerous to criticize the Quran. What Muslims Believe About the Law Islam is a law-oriented religion. Law in Islam is based on the direct revelation through the Quran and the traditions through Mohammeds life. Since the Quran is a short book and does not cover all aspects of life, it was supplemented by the Sunna, the quoted speech and acted example of Mohammed. Muslims believe that when Mohammed was called to be a prophet, from that time on he lived a faultless life and was therefore a perfect example to be followed. His sayings and acts were collected 250 years after his death in the Hadith. Together with the Quran, the Hadith is the basis for Shariah law that deals with all aspects of Islamic lifereligious, political, and economic. The law is really the heart of Islam and is revealed in the lifestyle of the true Muslim. Even salvation is tied in with the Shariah laws. By keeping the law, a Muslim satisfies Gods requirements and wins his approval, although even the most complete obedience does not guarantee a place in heaven. What Muslims Believe About Sin Both Christians and Muslims agree that Adam disobeyed God and therefore had to leave the Garden of Eden. However, Islam teaches that no change took place in Adams nature as a result of this act. Adam and all his descendents suffered no permanent effects due to the Fall. God forgave Adam and he was reinstated. Men by nature are not sinful; rather they are weak, ignorant, and forgetful. This vast difference in the concept of sin in Islam and Christianity is probably the greatest obstacle for a Muslim to accept Christianity. On the understanding of these issues rests the acceptance or rejection of Jesus Christ as Savior.  RESISTANCE TO CHRISTIANITY (OH-14) Several reasons why Muslims are resistant to Christianity have already been mentioned. There are a few others that should also be noted. ConfrontationsThere have been political, historical, and military confrontations where both religions have struggled for supremacy among the countries around the Mediterranean Sea for 1300 years. The most well-known of these conflicts was the long drawn-out struggle of the 11th to 13th centuries which has made the word crusade utterly abhorrent to Muslims and a source of shame to Christians who have given thought to this history. Missionary ReligionsA number of aggressive missionary religions have had ambitions to expand and often try to convert Muslims. Dealing With Theological Disagreements, Not Felt NeedsThe Christians outreach has generally dealt with Islamic theology and doctrinal disagreements instead of addressing the powerful Folk Islamic beliefs and the felt needs of the common Muslim people. DEVELOPING RELATIONSHIPS WITH MUSLIMS (OH 15-18) Lets look at some practical ways we can get to know Muslims better. Develop personal friendships( Take time to cultivate the relationship. Spiritual matters are best discussed one-on-one. Participate in family occasions and celebrations. Our motivation for developing friendships should be pure because we want to be their friends. We should not abuse this by discontinuing our friendship if they choose not to learn more about Christianity. We must be genuine in our motives. Avoid Argument( Love is more persuasive than argument Dont Criticize Islam( Dont use insulting terms (such as crusade, heathen, lost, false prophet, etc.) Common Concerns(Remember that the majority of Muslims are concerned about the same things we arepreserving family values, daily strength to meet the challenges of a changing and secularizing world, and preserving community values. Admit Mistakes(Be prepared to admit the mistakes of Christians in the past. Be Positive(Provide a loving, spiritual influence. Live as a Believer(Answer questions about your faith in Muslim terms. Modesty in dress is important. Describe Yourself as a Believer(Rather than defending Christianity, describe your faith as it relates to being Gods last day peoplea Believer preparing for His coming. Focus on the Concerns(Focus on the concerns of importance for the person at his/her position of spiritual understanding. Listen carefully for spiritual concerns that might be expressed. Tell Bible Stories(Share stories that illustrate faith-building principles. Let the Holy Spirit impress them with the application. Dont Act Superior(Dont act as if you have the truth and want to convince them of it. Be content to talk of one small aspect of your faith at a time, using Muslim terms. Pray(Engage in a personal prayer ministry with and for Muslims. Be People of the Book(Understand that the Quran differentiates between a faithful People of the Book and those who have rejected faith. Identify yourself as one of those Faithful Believers with the following characteristics: Belief in Allah Belief in the Last Day Avoiding what God has forbidden (pork, alcohol, gambling) Earnest in prayer Diligent in works of service SUGGESTIONS FOR VISITING A MOSQUE (OH-19) A Muslim fellow believer has offered the following suggestions if you wish to visit the Mosque. Place of Worship of God( Keep in mind that the mosque is a place of prayer and worship of the Creator God. Speak with the Mosque Leader (Imam)( Emphasize that your intention is neither to convert to be Muslim nor are you there to try to convert Muslims, but to build bridges of understanding (this is particularly important in the current world situation). You may have to repeat this several times since Muslims have had unpleasant experiences of Christians approaching them as friends but subsequently insulting them in various ways. Going as a Group( If you intend to go as a group to the mosque, then explain that you are concerned about Adventist-Muslim relations and that you respect Islam as one of the faiths of Abraham. You want to build bridges of understanding, so you would like a group of your friends to share in this learning experience. Behavior( Ladies, be aware that the women usually worship separately from the men. Take a headscarf with you to cover your hair as you enter the mosque. Long sleeves, long dress or pants under a dress are the expected norm. Avoid Argument( Keep your focus on building relationships of understanding. Avoid any argument, particularly over political or religious issues. People of Faith( If you have the opportunity in discussion, dont be afraid to note that there were people of true monotheistic faith in the past (such as the Waldenses) who were persecuted for their faith by other so-called Christians. Note that you consider yourself to spiritually come from that line of faith. Be Sympathetic( Sympathize with the fact that Muslims, historically, have suffered at the hands of the same power that persecuted the other monotheists. The Crusades were not and are not your way of relating today. Using the Quran( If you refer to the Quran in discussion, dont act as if you are trying to teach them from the Quran. Refer to verses that you appreciate because they encourage unity in purpose and mutual respect regardless of some differences. Emphasize that we must encourage each other to deeper faith and submission to God as the end of time is near. Encouraging Remarks( Close any meeting with remarks that encourage all to envision a hopeful future for all monotheists who mutually respect each others religion and keep focused on God. Invitation to Visit( If you are representing your local Adventist church, feel free to invite a delegation from the mosque to make a similar visit to your church, for purposes of establishing relations with his/her mosque and your local church. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEXES (OH-20) A relationship between the sexes is a sensitive area. Western openness in such relationshipseven the most innocentcan easily be misunderstood and condemned as frivolous and immoral. With children there are few problems. But strict Muslim parents do not allow free and open relationships for children nearing puberty. There must be a careful, yet friendly reserve between Christians and Muslims of the opposite sex. As a rule, men should cultivate friendships with men, women with women. In some Islamic countries, women are veiled to protect them from strangers. Although many Muslim women in the West may seem more open, men cannot, in general, visit them. However, visits and conversations with other women are allowed. This opens up tremendous opportunities for Adventist women to be involved in a cross-cultural ministry where they can make full, creative use of their talents and energies. Use of Names Generally, Muslim women are not called by their own names. Instead, they are called mother of or wife of. For instance, if a husbands name was Abdul and the sons name was Mohammed, the wife/mother would be called wife of Abdul or Mother of Mohammed. When working with Muslim women, it is essential for them to understand that they themselves are important to God. Calling them by their own name, not in front of their family, but in front of God in prayer is crucial. AREAS OF AGREEMENT (OH-21) The following topics are ones in which Adventists and Muslims have common beliefs and can easily be discussed with Muslims: Worship the one and true God Believe in Prophets Understand Abraham as one of the great prophets Angels Prayer Day of Judgment Second Advent Healthy lifestyle Family Values Hunger for God AREAS OF DOCTRINAL DIFFERENCES (OH-22) The following topics are areas in which Adventists and Muslims have some differences and should be discussed with care: Trinity Deity of Christ Incarnation Authenticity of Present Scriptures Inspiration of Bible Divine Origin of Quran Mohammed as Prophet E. G. White as Prophet Sabbath Friday, Day of Rest Issue Sin Salvation METHODS TO USE IN REACHING MUSLIM WOMEN (OH-23) Drawn from experience, there are some ways that are better in conversing with Muslims than others. The methods that are suggested for reaching Muslims include: Stories From the Bible( Everyone loves stories, and many of the stories of the Bible are also in the Quran. This is a good common ground on which to begin. Stories of Adam, Moses, Job, Noah, Abraham, Hagar, etc. (handout #2). Build on the Faith that is Already Present( Start where the person is and with what they will understand and slowly move into deeper themes. Begin with the familiar and move to the unfamiliar. Use Creative Forms( Instead of using sermons or preaching, use creative methods of teaching. Plays, dramas, quizzes, pantomimes, telling stories with felt cut outs, etc. Discover and Address Felt Needs( Instead of coming with our own agenda, look into the lives of the women you are working with and find what issues they are dealing with and what personal needs for which they would like to have answers. Use Stories of Women in the Bible( Use the story of Hagar who also experienced abuse, polygamy, divorce, and being a single parent. Muslim women can identify with Hagar in many areas of their lives. Use Stories of Women Who were Spiritual Leaders in Islamic History. Felt Needs of Muslim Women (OH-24&25) Muslim women are just like women around the world with many of the same desires and felt needs. Lets take a look at some of the felt needs of Muslim women. Family( The family is probably the number one felt need. Women are concerned with finding and keeping a husband and knowing how to care for their families. Gossip( Women want to know how to deal with gossip and how to avoid getting caught in gossiping themselves. Work vs. Family( Women want to know how to balance the need or desire to work and the job of caring for their families at home. How can one make the most of family time? How can one make sure the familys needs are cared for and at the same time, how does one give ones best to the job? Lack of Forgiveness( How can they deal with the lack of willingness to forgive and the ongoing grudges and revenge? Lack of Trust( Because of the lack of forgiveness there is a lack of trust. Addictions of Husbands( Many husbands are involved in some kind of addiction, such as gambling, sex, etc. Feeling Powerless( Some women feel unable to control what is happening in their lives. Being superstitious, believing the jinns to be able to do what they want when they want, contributes to this. Progression to Reach Muslim Women (OH-26) Through experience, it has been discovered that there is a progression when trying to reach Muslim women with the Gospel. Like building blocks, the first blocks must be laid securely before the next blocks are placed on top. The blocks in this building process or progression include the following: Respect for the Local Culture(In order to be credible one must respect the beliefs and practices of the local culture. Come into the culture as a learner, not as knowing everything and having something superior to what the culture has. Understanding the Local Culture(One must not only respect the culture, but in order to fully understand how to approach the women in a particular culture, one must understand why they practice certain traditions and the beliefs behind these practices. Discuss this with the women and understand their perspective. Being a Godly Person( A person who lives his/her life so all can see that they walk with God is a serious responsibility and will have a great impact on those watching. Others will be willing to listen and learn from a Godly individual. Being a Spiritual Person( More than having an appearance of being Godly, one must truly be a spiritual person with a vibrant, growing, personal relationship with God. Recognizing Muslim Women as Fellow Believers( Accept women as being on a spiritual journey, as fellow believers in Allah, following Gods leading and guiding in their lives. Being Known to Have Answers to Spiritual Questions( People will recognize that a Godly individual can be trusted to give honest answers to their spiritual questions and will come seeking answers. Suggested Order of Topics for Conversation/Bible Studies With Muslims (OH-27) Following is a list of suggested order of topics to use in talking or studying with people from an Islamic background: Neutral Subjects God as Creator, Creation Healthful Living, Dietary Laws Family Less Controversial Subjects Bible as Word of God Character of God Angels and Their Ministries Last-day Prophecies Christs Second Coming Day of Judgment The Moral Law (OH-28) Tithe, Stewardship Prayer Sabbath as Day of Rest State of the Dead(Conditional Immortality HeavenHell Controversial Subjects The Trinity Jesus Christ Christ as part of the Trinity Christ as Man Christ as Savior Teachings of Christ Miracles of Christ Christs Death and Resurrection Christs Mediatory Ministry (OH-29) What is Sin? What is Salvation Baptism Origin of Evil Most Controversial Subjects Seventh-day Adventist Church is Gods Remnant Spirit of Prophecy The Pre-Advent Judgment This sequence may differ from place to place and person to person. Conclusion As we each continue learning more and more about our Muslim friends and how we can reach out to them, let us keep in mind that they, too, are people who love God, want to follow Gods leading, and whom God loves and has greatly blessed. One day soon, in heaven, we will be able to put all our differences aside and together worship God the Creator of the universe and Savior of the world. Hamdilallah! Praise be to God! APPENDIX ARABIC VOCABULARY WORDS Aid (Eid) Feast, celebration Aid el AdhaFeast of the Sacrifice, commemorating the sacrifice of Abrahams son. AllahArabic name for the God who created the world, the God of Abraham. Comes from the same word as the Hebrew name for God Elloh(im) AzanThe call to prayer, the muazzin is the person who gives the call to prayer BarakatBlessings, a very important theme in folk Islam DuaPrayer (personal prayer of the heart) FatihaOpening Surah of the Quran a prayer memorized by all Muslims HadithA collection of the sayings and traditions of the prophet Muhammad HajPilgrimage to Mecca HanifOne who is especially faithful in belief in the one true God of Abraham and is considered a part of Gods special people. Was originally used to refer to men around the time of Muhammad who were calling the people back to the worship of one God. HaramUnlawful, forbidden (to be eaten, for example) IblisDevil ImamThe religious leader who leads the congregational prayer InjilGospel, books of Isa. In broader sense, the New Testament. Isa (El MasihJesus JihadA spiritual struggle, a struggle to better ones life KalimatWord, Isa is referred to as the Kalimat Allah MuslimOne who submits to Allah MutaqeenThose who have righteousness QuranMuslim holy book given or revealed word by word from God, literally means recite RamadanMonth of fasting RasulMessenger, one who carries a letter or message SakinahTranslated peace, tranquility, peace of assurance, but also means a dwelling place. Is also noted in the Quran as connected with the ark of the covenant. In Hebrew the same word is Shakinah, the light of the presence of God in the Temple. Therefore, its deeper meaning is the very presence of Allah SalatPrayer (formal prayer) ShahadahConfession of faith There is no God but God and Muhammad is his messenger ShaitanSatan ShariahThe laws, revealed and canonical, of Islam SibghatColoring, as to color cloth (Sibghat Allah the coloring {baptism} of Allah) SunnahThe practice of the messenger(s) of Allah the second authority in Islam SurahChapter (of the Quran) TaqwahRighteousness, inner piety TorahBooks of Moses, the law. In broader sense the Old Testament, book of Jews. ZaboorBooks of David, the Pslams ZakatTax for the poor Biblical history of the children of abraham  Abraham The Hanif Genesis 11:26    People in Bible and Koran BIBLEKORANBIBLEKORANAaronHarunJesusIssaAbrahamIbrahimJobAyubAdamAdamJohn (the Baptist)YahyaDavidDawudJonahYunusElijahIlyasJosephYusufElishaAlyasaLotLutEzekielZulkiflMaryMariamGabrielJibrilMiriamMariamGoliathJalutMosesMusaIsaacIshaqNoahNuhIshmaelIsmailSatanShaitan, IblisIsraelIsraelSolomonSulaimanJacobYaqoobZachariahZakariya Borge Shantz. Your Muslim Neighbors and You, Adventist Muslim Relations Resource Material, Loma Linda, CA, 2003. Suggested Order of Topics for Conversation/Bible Studies With Muslims Following is a list of suggested order of topics to use in talking or studying with Muslims: Neutral Subjects God as Creator, Creation Healthful Living. Dietary Laws Family Less Controversial Subjects Bible as Word of God Character of God Angels and Their Ministries Last-day Prophecies Christs Second Coming Day of Judgment The Moral Law Tithe, Stewardship Prayer Sabbath as Day of Rest State of the Dead. Conditional Immortality Heaven Hell Controversial Subjects The Trinity Jesus Christ Christ as part of the Trinity Christ as Man Christ as Savior Teachings of Christ Miracles of Christ Christs Death and Resurrection Christs Mediatory Ministry What is Sin? What is Salvation Baptism Origin of Evil Most Controversial Subjects SDA Church is Gods Remnant Spirit of Prophecy The Pre-Advent Judgment This sequence may differ from place to place and person to person. Borge Shantz. Your Muslim Neighbors and You, Adventist Muslim Relations Resource Material, Loma Linda, CA, 2003. ENDNOTES     Womens Ministries Leadership Certification Program PAGE  Level 2 Women to Women in Islam Page  PAGE 24 2004  Bertil Wiklander. Presentation to Building Bridges of Understanding Seminar, February 2003, Paphos Cyprus.  Adventist Muslim Relations Resource Material, Global Center for Adventist Muslim Relations.  Jon Paulien. The Day That Changed the World, Review & Herald Publishing Association, Hagerstown, MD, 2002, pg 26.  Asma Barlas. Believing Women in Islam, University of Texas Press, Austin, 2002, pg. 2.  Borge Shantz. Your Muslim Neighbor and You, Stanborough Press Limited, Alma Park, Grantham England, 1993.  Ibid, pg. 7.  Ibid, pg. 29.  Ibid, pg. 31.  Ibid, pg. 9.  Rick Love. Muslims, Magic and the Kingdom of God, William Carey Library, Pasadena, CA, 2000.  Shantz, Ibid.  Ibid, pg. 10.  Ibid, pg. 13.  Fouad Elias Accad. Building Bridges Christianity and Islam, Nav Press, Colorado Springs, CO, 1997.  Suggestions for Adventist Muslim Relations, Leaflet Published by the Center for Adventist Muslim Relations, Loma Linda, CA.  Suggestions for Visiting the Mosque, Leaflet Published by the Center for Adventist Muslim Relations, Loma Linda, CA.  Taken from Materials Distributed at the Building Bridges of Understanding Seminar, February 2003, Cyprus.  Shantz, Ibid, pg. 41. Hagar (2nd wife) Genesis 16:3 Sarai (1st wife) Genesis 11:29 Advent Movement Arab Followers of the way of Isa Faithful Believers in one God and in the way of Isa Mohammed Calls for One God, Judgment Day Hanif Gods Last Day Special People in Islam ? Islam & Church in the Wilderness contains Christian apostasy, protects Protestants & Christian monotheists (Rev 9) Preserves Biblical manuscripts The Church in the wilderness (Rev 12), the Waldenses, and Arab followers of the Way find refuge and fellowship in the desert of Arabia, and were known as Hanif Early disciples of Isa interacted spiritually with Arabs (Acts 2). 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